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1. Atomic 1000
2. Atomic 103

Released:

Atomic Wallet 2.13.1 A way to uninstall Atomic Wallet 2.13.1 from your system Atomic Wallet 2.13.1 is a Windows application. Read below about how to remove it from your computer. The Windows release was created by atomicwallet.io. Additional info about atomicwallet.io can be found here. Atomic Wallet 2.13.1 is usually set up in the C:Users. Beautiful Music by Lain aka She music Show him support by visiting his website below: Album: Orion www.shemusic.org twitter.com/shemusic. 1.0 out of 5 stars Rubber edge on top separated from paddle after a year December 7, 2018 The rubber came off but it was after the warranty expired - I tried a second Gamma paddle and the handle snapped away from the paddle after 4 months. Camera kernel patch files for Atomic Pi: 6/15/19: Camera kernel patch files on GitHub for the Atomic Pi: Windows 10 driver pack for the Atomic Pi: 5/23/19: 212,361,817: Windows 10 driver pack for the Atomic Pi. Kindly packaged by one of the community. Ubuntu Focal Bare Image: 1.0.0.207: 7/07/20.

A robust, atomic single-file value store

Project description

Easier than a DBMS, but more fault-resistant than just a file.

Sometimes you need to manage a bit of state across executions.Sometimes, a fully-blown database is just too much.

This library makes it easy to keep a store of stuff in a JSON file,in an atomic and fault-resistant manner.

Other formats (like pickle and bson) are also supported,and arbitrary formats are possible.

Table of Contents

Install

Just pip install atomic_store. Or, if you must, pip install -r requirements.txt

Note that the only dependency is atomicwrites, which has no dependencies.

Usage

By default, the store is encoded as json, written to a temporary file,and then atomically replaces the old file. When reading, if the file doesnot exist, a default value is used. The default default value is None.

Context Manager

This program remembers all start times:

Leaving the context manager takes care of all writes.No intermediate values get written to disk.

This is ideal if the task runs short, and in case of any erroryou only want to keep the old state anyway.

For advanced uses, also see the subsection on reentrancy.

Manual control

This program remembers all start times:

Only calls to commit() cause writes to the disk.Again, no intermediate values get written to disk.

This is ideal if you have a long-running job with clear steps,and each step's output is valuable.

Note that commit() is also available in the context manager.

Format tweaks

If you're using the json backend, and want to keep the JSON file as small as possible,you can call open with dump_kwargs=dict(separators=(',', ':')).The keyword load_kwargs also exists.

Non-JSON formats

You can use arbitrary other formats, using the format keyword:

Supported values are None (for JSON), 'json', 'pickle','bson' (requires bson to be installed), and also any module or objectproviding dump/load or dumps/loads.By default, atomic_store assumes you operate on binary files, except when JSON is involved.To override this, you can set is_binary.Note that this means you can use the modules json, pickle, and bson as they are.

For convenience, you can also override the abstract classesatomic_store.AbstractFormatFile or atomic_store.AbstractFormatBstr.

In all cases, load_kwargs and dump_kwargs are still supported.

Reentrancy

If the same atomic_store is used as a context manager more than once,the default behavior is to write the file only when the last with is exited:

If you consider this behavior undesirable, you can either just use multiple context managers (by calling atomic_store.open multiple times), or by using the keyword ignore_inner_exits=True, like this:

Atomic is not magic

This library is not magical.

If two threads (or two processes, or whatever) open a store,modify something, and then write concurrently, one of the results may be lost.However, the writes are guaranteed to be atomic,so the data is merely lost, but not corrupted.

TODOs

• Figure out how to make bson optional
• Publish on PyPI

NOTDOs

Here are some things this project will not support:

• Any DB backend.
• Any multi-file backend.
• More advanced semantics than just commit.
• This includes rollback. It's just not obvious which behavior is desired when the file does not exist (Re-use default value? What if it was modified, as it happens with lists and dicts?), and with stacked context managers (should it rollback to the file's state? Or to the beginning of the with?)

Contribute

Feel free to dive in! Open an issue or submit PRs.

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Atomic 1000

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The Spin Quantum Number: Only Two Electrons per Orbital

There is a fourth quantum number that doesn’t describe the shape or energy of an electron. This is the spin quantum number, m_s . It turns out that quantum theory requires only two electrons to exist inside any single orbital, where a single orbital has its own size, shape, and orientation. So the two electrons have different spins with 1⁄2 spin (up) and –1⁄2 spin (down). Spin is a property an electron exhibits when it is placed in a magnetic field. Certain values are allowed for the different quantum numbers: n, can be 1 to 7; l, can be (n – 1) to 0 for each energy level n; m(_{ell}) can be -(ell) to 0 to (ell) for each subshell, (ell); and spin is 1⁄2 then – 1⁄2 for every orbital. This means that certain combinations of quantum numbers are not allowed. For example, the following quantum numbers break the rules: (0,0,0,1⁄2) because n ≠ 0; (2,2,-1, 1⁄2) because (ell) must be smaller than n; (3,2,3,1⁄2) because m(_{ell}) is larger than (ell); (3,2,-3,1⁄2) because m(_{ell})is smaller than -(ell); and (1,0,0, 3⁄4) since m_s must be only 1⁄2 or -1⁄2.

Summary of Quantum Numbers

The following examples show how the quantum numbers are translated into three dimensional shapes.

Examples of Quantum Numbers and Shapes

Second Energy Level p-orbital

Using the Periodic Table to Determine Quantum Numbers

Quantum numbers are unique to each electron. For example the quantum numbers for the first ten electrons are all different:
1st = {1,0,0,1⁄2} ; 2nd = {1,0,0,–1⁄2}
3rd = {2,0,0,1⁄2} ; 4th = {2,0,0,–1⁄2} ;
5th = {2,1,–1,1⁄2}, 6th = {2,1,0,1⁄2} ; 7th = {2,1,1,1⁄2}
8th = {2,1,–1,–1⁄2}, 9th = {2,1,0,–1⁄2} ; 10th = {2,1,1,–1⁄2}

For every atom these quantum numbers would be used for the first ten electrons, because they represent the lowest ten energies for electrons. Remarkably the periodic table, developed by examining the chemical and physical properties of elements, provides a clear diagram for determining the quantum numbers of electrons. To use the periodic table to determine quantum numbers it must be divided into blocks and the blocks divided in half (and square 2 with He is moved next to square 1 with H.) The row numbers mostly match the principle quantum number, n (d-block and f-block must use n’s one less than the row number and two less than the row number respectively). The blocks match the the angular momentum quantum number, (ell), and both letter and number values are given. m(_{ell}) is shown as a pair of number lines and m_s is positive for the first half of the block and negative for the second half.

Here’s some examples of quantum numbers of electrons using this divided periodic table:
The 1st electron in any atom has {1,0,0,1⁄2}: row 1, s-block, m l =0, m s =0
The 8th electron in any atom has {2,1,-1,-1⁄2}: row 2, p-block, m l =-1, m s =-1⁄2
The 75th electron in any atom has {5,2,2,1⁄2} : row 6 but for the d-block the n, principle quantum number is one less than the row number, hence the 5, d-block, m l =2, m s =1⁄2
The 84th electron in any atom has {6,1,-1,-1⁄2}: 6th row, p-block, m l =-1, m s =-1⁄2

If we add the f block (with f = 3)

Using the divided periodic table for electrons in the f-block, the 68th electron’s quantum numbers are {4,3,0,-1⁄2}; 6th row but back 2 for the f-block so 4 is used, f-block = 3, m l =0, m s =-1⁄2 And the 94th electron has {5,3,2,1⁄2}.

Atomic 103

A common question about quantum numbers might ask, “What is the highest energy electron for the element scandium, Sc?” To answer this question you would find the last electron needed for Sc, which is electron 21, and then use it’s quantum numbers: {3,2,-2,1⁄2}. Just remember that electrons in the d-block have n equal to the row number –1 (row number minus one) and the electrons in the f-block have n equal to the row number –2.

Contributors

• Kenneth Pringle and Curriki. This content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 3.0 License.

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